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c# HttpWebRequest与HttpWebResponse 绝技 如果你想做一些,抓取,或者是自动获取的功能,那么就跟我一起来学习一下Http请求吧。 本文章会对Http请求时的Get和Post方式进行详细的说明, 在请求时的参数怎么发送,怎么带Cookie,怎么设置证书,怎么解决 编码等问题,进行一步一步的解决。 * 如果要使用中间的方法的话,可以访问我的帮助类完全免费开源: 这个类是专门为HTTP的GET和POST请求写的,解决了编码,证书,自动带Cookie等问题。 1.第一招,根据URL地址获取网页信息 先来看一下代码 get方法
-
public static string GetUrltoHtml
( string Url,
string type
) -
{
-
try -
{
-
System.
Net.WebRequest wReq =
System.
Net.WebRequest.Create
(Url
) ; -
-
System.
Net.WebResponse wResp = wReq.GetResponse
( ) ; -
System.
IO.Stream respStream = wResp.GetResponseStream
( ) ; -
-
using ( System.
IO.StreamReader reader =
new System.
IO.StreamReader
(respStream, Encoding.GetEncoding
(type
) ) ) -
{
-
return reader.ReadToEnd
( ) ; -
}
-
}
-
catch ( System.Exception ex
) -
{
-
-
}
-
return "" ; -
}
post方法
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
public string OpenReadWithHttps
( string URL,
string strPostdata,
string strEncoding
) -
{
-
Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default
; -
HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(URL
) ; -
request.Method =
"post" ; -
request.Accept =
"text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*" ; -
request.ContentType =
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ; -
byte [ ] buffer = encoding.GetBytes
(strPostdata
) ; -
request.ContentLength = buffer.Length
; -
request.GetRequestStream
( ).Write
(buffer,
0, buffer.Length
) ; -
HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
( ) ; -
using ( StreamReader reader =
new StreamReader
(response.GetResponseStream
( ),
System.
Text.Encoding.GetEncoding
(strEncoding
) ) ) -
{
-
return reader.ReadToEnd
( ) ; -
}
-
}
这招是入门第一式, 特点:
1.最简单最直观的一种,入门课程。
2.适应于明文,无需登录,无需任何验证就可以进入的页面。
3.获取的数据类型为HTML文档。
4.请求方法为Get/Post
2.第二招,根据URL地址获取需要验证证书才能访问的网页信息
先来看一下代码
get方法
-
/回调验证证书问题
-
public bool CheckValidationResult
( object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors
) -
{
-
-
return true ; -
}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
public string GetUrltoHtml
( string Url
) -
{
-
StringBuilder content =
new StringBuilder
( ) ; -
-
try -
{
-
-
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback =
new System.
Net.
Security.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback
(CheckValidationResult
) ; -
-
-
HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(Url
) ; -
-
-
X509Certificate objx509 =
new X509Certificate
( Application.StartupPath +
"\\123.cer" ) ; -
-
-
request.ClientCertificates.Add
(objx509
) ; -
-
-
HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
( ) ; -
-
Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream
( ) ; -
-
StreamReader sReader =
new StreamReader
(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding
( "utf-8" ) ) ; -
-
Char
[ ] sReaderBuffer =
new Char
[ 256 ] ; -
int count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256 ) ; -
while (count >
0 ) -
{
-
String tempStr =
new String
(sReaderBuffer,
0, count
) ; -
content.Append
(tempStr
) ; -
count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256 ) ; -
}
-
-
sReader.Close
( ) ; -
}
-
catch (Exception
) -
{
-
content =
new StringBuilder
( "Runtime Error" ) ; -
}
-
-
return content.ToString
( ) ; -
}
post方法
-
-
public bool CheckValidationResult
( object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors
) -
{
-
-
return true ; -
}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
public string OpenReadWithHttps
( string URL,
string strPostdata,
string strEncoding
) -
{
-
-
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback =
new System.
Net.
Security.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback
(CheckValidationResult
) ; -
Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default
; -
HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(URL
) ; -
-
-
X509Certificate objx509 =
new X509Certificate
( Application.StartupPath +
"\\123.cer" ) ; -
-
-
request.CookieContainer =
new CookieContainer
( ) ; -
-
-
request.ClientCertificates.Add
(objx509
) ; -
request.Method =
"post" ; -
request.Accept =
"text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*" ; -
request.ContentType =
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ; -
byte [ ] buffer = encoding.GetBytes
(strPostdata
) ; -
request.ContentLength = buffer.Length
; -
request.GetRequestStream
( ).Write
(buffer,
0, buffer.Length
) ; -
HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
( ) ; -
using (StreamReader reader =
new StreamReader
(response.GetResponseStream
( ),
System.
Text.Encoding.GetEncoding
(strEncoding
) ) ) -
{
-
return reader.ReadToEnd
( ) ; -
}
-
}
这招是学会算是进了大门了,凡是需要验证证书才能进入的页面都可以使用这个方法进入,我使用的是证书回调验证的方式,证书验证是否通过在客户端验证,这样的话我们就可以使用自己定义一个方法来验证了,有的人会说那也不清楚是怎么样验证的啊,其它很简单,代码是自己写的为什么要那么难为自己呢,直接返回一个True不就完了,永远都是验证通过,这样就可以无视证书的存在了, 特点:
1.入门前的小难题,初级课程。
2.适应于无需登录,明文但需要验证证书才能访问的页面。
3.获取的数据类型为HTML文档。
4.请求方法为Get/Post
3.第三招,根据URL地址获取需要登录才能访问的网页信息
我们先来分析一下这种类型的网页,需要登录才能访问的网页,其它呢也是一种验证,验证什么呢,验证客户端是否登录,是否具用相应的凭证,需要登录的都要验证SessionID这是每一个需要登录的页面都需要验证的,那我们怎么做的,我们第一步就是要得存在Cookie里面的数据包括SessionID,那怎么得到呢,这个方法很多,使用ID9或者是火狐浏览器很容易就能得到,可以参考我的文章
这里面针对ID9有详细的说明。
如果我们得到了登录的Cookie信息之后那个再去访问相应的页面就会非常的简单了,其它说白了就是把本地的Cookie信息在请求的时候捎带过去就行了。
看代码
get方法
-
-
-
-
-
-
public string GetUrltoHtml
( string Url
) -
{
-
StringBuilder content =
new StringBuilder
( ) ; -
try -
{
-
-
HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(Url
) ; -
request.UserAgent =
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0; BOIE9;ZHCN)" ; -
request.Method =
"GET" ; -
request.Accept =
"*/*" ; -
-
request.Referer =
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com" ; -
CookieContainer objcok =
new CookieContainer
( ) ; -
objcok.Add
( new Uri
( "http://sufei.cnblogs.com" ),
new Cookie
( "键",
"值" ) ) ; -
objcok.Add
( new Uri
( "http://sufei.cnblogs.com" ),
new Cookie
( "键",
"值" ) ) ; -
objcok.Add
( new Uri
( "http://sufei.cnblogs.com" ),
new Cookie
( "sidi_sessionid",
"360A748941D055BEE8C960168C3D4233" ) ) ; -
request.CookieContainer = objcok
; -
-
-
request.KeepAlive =
true ; -
-
-
HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
( ) ; -
-
-
Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream
( ) ; -
-
-
StreamReader sReader =
new StreamReader
(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding
( "gb2312" ) ) ; -
-
-
Char
[ ] sReaderBuffer =
new Char
[ 256 ] ; -
int count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256 ) ; -
while (count >
0 ) -
{
-
String tempStr =
new String
(sReaderBuffer,
0, count
) ; -
content.Append
(tempStr
) ; -
count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256 ) ; -
}
-
-
sReader.Close
( ) ; -
}
-
catch (Exception
) -
{
-
content =
new StringBuilder
( "Runtime Error" ) ; -
}
-
-
return content.ToString
( ) ; -
}
post方法。
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
public string OpenReadWithHttps
( string URL,
string strPostdata
) -
{
-
Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default
; -
HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(URL
) ; -
request.Method =
"post" ; -
request.Accept =
"text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*" ; -
request.ContentType =
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ; -
CookieContainer objcok =
new CookieContainer
( ) ; -
objcok.Add
( new Uri
( "http://sufei.cnblogs.com" ),
new Cookie
( "键",
"值" ) ) ; -
objcok.Add
( new Uri
( "http://sufei.cnblogs.com" ),
new Cookie
( "键",
"值" ) ) ; -
objcok.Add
( new Uri
( "http://sufei.cnblogs.com" ),
new Cookie
( "sidi_sessionid",
"360A748941D055BEE8C960168C3D4233" ) ) ; -
request.CookieContainer = objcok
; -
-
byte [ ] buffer = encoding.GetBytes
(strPostdata
) ; -
request.ContentLength = buffer.Length
; -
-
request.GetRequestStream
( ).Write
(buffer,
0, buffer.Length
) ; -
HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
( ) ; -
StreamReader reader =
new StreamReader
(response.GetResponseStream
( ),
System.
Text.Encoding.GetEncoding
( "utf-8" ) ) ; -
return reader.ReadToEnd
( ) ; -
}
特点:
1.还算有点水类型的,练习成功后可以小牛一把。
2.适应于需要登录才能访问的页面。
3.获取的数据类型为HTML文档。
4.请求方法为Get/Post
总结一下,其它基本的技能就这几个部分,如果再深入的话那就是基本技能的组合了
比如,
1. 先用Get或者Post方法登录然后取得Cookie再去访问页面得到信息,这种其它也是上面技能的组合,
这里需要以请求后做这样一步
-
response.Cookies
这就是在你请求后可以得到当次Cookie的方法,直接取得返回给上一个方法使用就行了,上面我们都是自己构造的,在这里直接使用这个Cookie就可以了。
2.如果我们碰到需要登录而且还要验证证书的网页怎么办,其它这个也很简单把我们上面的方法综合 一下就行了
如下代码这里我以Get为例子Post例子也是同样的方法
-
-
-
-
-
-
public string GetUrltoHtml
( string Url
) -
{
-
StringBuilder content =
new StringBuilder
( ) ; -
-
try -
{
-
-
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback =
new System.
Net.
Security.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback
(CheckValidationResult
) ; -
-
-
HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(Url
) ; -
-
-
X509Certificate objx509 =
new X509Certificate
( Application.StartupPath +
"\\123.cer" ) ; -
-
-
request.ClientCertificates.Add
(objx509
) ; -
-
CookieContainer objcok =
new CookieContainer
( ) ; -
objcok.Add
( new Uri
( "http://www.cnblogs.com" ),
new Cookie
( "键",
"值" ) ) ; -
objcok.Add
( new Uri
( "http://www.cnblogs.com" ),
new Cookie
( "键",
"值" ) ) ; -
objcok.Add
( new Uri
( "http://www.cnblogs.com" ),
new Cookie
( "sidi_sessionid",
"360A748941D055BEE8C960168C3D4233" ) ) ; -
request.CookieContainer = objcok
; -
-
-
HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
( ) ; -
-
Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream
( ) ; -
-
StreamReader sReader =
new StreamReader
(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding
( "utf-8" ) ) ; -
-
Char
[ ] sReaderBuffer =
new Char
[ 256 ] ; -
int count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256 ) ; -
while (count >
0 ) -
{
-
String tempStr =
new String
(sReaderBuffer,
0, count
) ; -
content.Append
(tempStr
) ; -
count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256 ) ; -
}
-
-
sReader.Close
( ) ; -
}
-
catch (Exception
) -
{
-
content =
new StringBuilder
( "Runtime Error" ) ; -
}
-
-
return content.ToString
( ) ; -
-
}
3.如果我们碰到那种需要验证网页来源的方法应该怎么办呢,这种情况其它是有些程序员会想到你可能会使用程序,自动来获取网页信息,为了防止就使用页面来源来验证,就是说只要不是从他们所在页面或是域名过来的请求就不接受,有的是直接验证来源的IP,这些都可以使用下面一句来进入,这主要是这个地址是可以直接伪造的
-
request.Referer = <a href=
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com"><a href=\
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com/\" target=\"_blank\">http://sufei.cnblogs.com</a></a>;
呵呵其它很简单因为这个地址可以直接修改。但是如果服务器上验证的是来源的URL那就完了,我们就得去修改数据包了,这个有点难度暂时不讨论。
4.提供一些与这个例子相配置的方法
过滤HTML标签的方法
-
/// <summary> -
/// 过滤html标签 -
/// </summary> -
/// <param name="strHtml
">html的内容</param> -
/// <returns></returns> -
public static string StripHTML(string stringToStrip) -
{ -
// paring using RegEx // -
stringToStrip = Regex.Replace(stringToStrip, "</p
(?:\\s*
)>
(?:\\s*
)<p
(?:\\s*
)>
", "\n\n
", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Compiled); -
stringToStrip = Regex.Replace(stringToStrip, " -
", "\n
", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Compiled); -
stringToStrip = Regex.Replace(stringToStrip, "\
"",
"''", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Compiled
) ; -
stringToStrip = StripHtmlXmlTags
(stringToStrip
) ; -
return stringToStrip
; -
}
-
-
private static string StripHtmlXmlTags
( string content
) -
{
-
return Regex.Replace
(content,
"<[^>]+>",
"", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Compiled
) ; -
}
URL转化的方法
-
#region 转化 URL -
-
public static string URLDecode
( string text
) -
{
-
return HttpUtility.UrlDecode
(text, Encoding.Default
) ; -
}
-
-
public static string URLEncode
( string text
) -
{
-
return HttpUtility.UrlEncode
(text, Encoding.Default
) ; -
}
-
-
#endregion
提供一个实际例子,这个是使用IP138来查询手机号码归属地的方法,其它在我的上一次文章里都有,在这里我再放上来是方便大家阅读,这方面的技术其它研究起来很有意思,希望大家多提建议,我相信应该还有更多更好,更完善的方法,在这里给大家提供一个参考吧。感谢支持
上例子
-
-
-
-
-
-
public static string [ ] getTelldate
( string number
) -
{
-
try -
{
-
string strSource = GetUrltoHtml
( "http://www.ip138.com:8080/search.asp?action=mobile&mobile=" + number.Trim
( ) ) ; -
-
strSource = strSource.Substring
(strSource.IndexOf
(number
) ) ; -
strSource = StripHTML
(strSource
) ; -
strSource = strSource.Replace
( "\r",
"" ) ; -
strSource = strSource.Replace
( "\n",
"" ) ; -
strSource = strSource.Replace
( "\t",
"" ) ; -
strSource = strSource.Replace
( " ",
"" ) ; -
strSource = strSource.Replace
( "-->",
"" ) ; -
string [ ] strnumber = strSource.Split
( new string [ ] {
"归属地",
"卡类型",
"邮 编",
"区 号",
"更详细",
"卡号" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries
) ; -
string [ ] strnumber1 =
null ; -
if (strnumber.Length >
4 ) -
{
-
strnumber1 =
new string [ ] { strnumber
[ 1 ].Trim
( ), strnumber
[ 2 ].Trim
( ), strnumber
[ 3 ].Trim
( ), strnumber
[ 4 ].Trim
( ) }
; -
}
-
return strnumber1
; -
}
-
catch (Exception
) -
{
-
return null ; -
}
-
}
这个例子写是不怎么样,些地方是可以简化的,这个接口而且可以直接使用Xml得到,但我在这里的重点是让一些新手看看方法和思路风凉啊,呵呵
第四招,通过Socket访问
-
-
-
-
-
-
private static string SMSrequest
( string strSMSRequest
) -
{
-
byte [ ] data =
new byte [ 1024 ] ; -
string stringData =
null ; -
IPHostEntry gist = Dns.GetHostByName
( "www.110.cn" ) ; -
IPAddress ip = gist.AddressList
[ 0 ] ; -
-
IPEndPoint ipEnd =
new IPEndPoint
(ip,
3121 ) ; -
-
Socket socket =
new Socket
(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp
) ; -
-
try -
{
-
socket.Connect
(ipEnd
) ; -
}
-
catch (SocketException ex
) -
{
-
return "Fail to connect server\r\n" + ex.ToString
( ) ; -
}
-
string path = strSMSRequest.ToString
( ).Trim
( ) ; -
StringBuilder buf =
new StringBuilder
( ) ; -
-
-
-
byte [ ] ms =
System.
Text.UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes
(buf.ToString
( ) ) ; -
-
socket.Send
(ms
) ; -
-
string strSms =
"" ; -
int recv =
0 ; -
do -
{
-
recv = socket.Receive
(data
) ; -
stringData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString
(data,
0, recv
) ; -
-
strSms = strSms + stringData
; -
-
}
-
while (recv !=
0 ) ; -
socket.Shutdown
(SocketShutdown.Both
) ; -
socket.Close
( ) ; -
return strSms
; -
}